In the vast expanse of materials that the modern world of construction and engineering has at its disposal, some stand out due to their unique characteristics and adaptability. Among such distinguished materials is the Square Hollow Section (SHS) steel. This material, notable for its combination of strength,...

In the realm of structural engineering and architectural designs, certain terminologies and concepts are foundational, setting the base for innovative structures and buildings. One such term, though might seem intricate, is the concept of "back-to-back beams." Let's delve deeper to understand this concept, its...

Steel has been an essential material in human civilization for over a millennium, facilitating everything from infrastructure and transportation to intricate artistic designs. Among the various forms and shapes in which steel is available, channel steel stands out for its unique U-shaped cross-section and the...

-beams, also known as H-beams, W-beams (for "wide flange"), universal beams (UB), rolled steel joists (RSJ), or double-T (especially in Polish, Bulgarian, and German) are beams with an I or H-shaped cross-section. The vertical section is called the "web", while the horizontal sections are termed the "flanges"....

Plate steel is a type of flat-rolled steel that is available in various thicknesses and sizes. Produced through a combination of processes including rolling, forging, or casting, plate steel is generally thicker than sheet steel. The International Building Code and the American Society for Testing and Materials...